Chinese: 笛子
Also: di; d'tzu; zhu di

Arguably China's most famous musical instrument, the dizi is a very simple flute that produces a warm, exotic sound reminiscent of the endless beauty of the Chinese landscape. The simple design, featuring six finger holes and an ingenious twist, has remained unchanged since ancient times. Centuries, or perhaps millennia, old, the dizi is popular in both traditional Chinese music and modern orchestras.

The mo kong hole

Although generally made of bamboo, some dizi are made of wood. More expensive ones can be found made of jade. The prominent feature of the dizi, and a big reason for its lasting fame, is an extra hole between the finger holes and the mouth hole. This extra, hole, called mo kong, is covered with a very thinly sliced piece of bamboo. This membrane vibrates when the dizi is played, which causes the entire instrument to vibrate. These oscillations amplify the sound and give the dizi its famous warm, full tone.

Ancient history

The history of the dizi is not entirely agreed upon, due in large part to the long span of time that has passed since its creation. It is known, at least, to have been in use during the third century. Older flutes, similar to the dizi but lacking the membrane hole, date back 6,000 years earlier. The simplicity and sturdiness of Chinese flutes is readily apparent: some of the instruments found by archaeologists can still be played today.

Many sounds

There are several styles and techniques for playing the dizi. Musicians trill and pop their notes, use circular breathing to produce minutes-long, unbroken tones, and play with harmonics and dissonant overtones. The versatility of the dizi is a big reason for its rise to popularity.

The dizi really reached widespread fame as a main instrument in the Chinese opera that was blossoming around the 17th century. Its versatility, inviting sound, and amplified reach made it ideal for different types of performances.

North and south

Thanks in part to China's large size, the dizi has evolved into two different types, generally considered the north style and the south style.

• Bangdi This northern dizi is smaller and has a peppy, full-bodied tone good for faster-paced, more exciting music.

• Qudi From southern China's kunqu opera, the qudi is a larger flute that produces a lower, calmer tone and is ideal for more gentle, pastoral pieces.

Beckoning sound

As one of China's most famous sounds, the music of the dizi can be found on countless recordings, both solo and as part of an ensemble. Its rich sound beckons the listener to experience the beauty and mystery of China, even from the comfort of his or her own home.